Diaphragmatic breathing exercise to eliminate fear of falling in older adults: A literature review
https://doi.org/10.52235/lp.v7i4.931
Keywords:
anxiety, diaphragmatic breathing exercise, fear of falling, older adultsAbstract
Background: Fear of falling is a psychological problem frequently experienced by older adults and can lead to reduced physical activity, restricted mobility, loss of independence, and diminished quality of life. Various nonpharmacological interventions have been developed to address this condition, including Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise (DBE), which focuses on controlled breathing to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety.
Aim: To review and analyze scientific evidence on the effectiveness of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise in reducing fear of falling among older adults.
Methods: This study employed a literature review method. Scientific articles were identified through searches of databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect using the keywords “diaphragmatic breathing exercise,” “fear of falling,” “elderly,” “older adults,” “anxiety,” and “balance confidence.” Eligible articles were relevant full-text publications in Indonesian or English, published within the last five years (2023–2026), using experimental designs (randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies) or case reports, and focusing on the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on physical function or mobility parameters. Data were analyzed descriptively to identify the principal findings of each study.
Results: The review findings indicate that Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise has positive effects on reducing anxiety, promoting relaxation, and improving emotional regulation in older adults. Reduced anxiety contributes to greater confidence in moving and engaging in activities, which may help alleviate fear of falling. In addition, several studies reported that regular diaphragmatic breathing exercises improved psychological comfort and supported older adults' participation in daily physical activities.
Conclusion: Based on this literature review, Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise is a simple, safe, nonpharmacological intervention with the potential to reduce fear of falling among older adults through anxiety reduction and enhanced relaxation. This exercise may be considered as part of health promotion and preventive programs aimed at improving the psychological well-being of older adults.
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